Which type of sterilization is most commonly used in healthcare settings?

Steam sterilization, commonly referred to as autoclaving, is recognized as the most widely used method of sterilization in healthcare settings due to its effectiveness and efficiency. This method utilizes high-pressure steam to kill microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and spores, which are often resistant to other sterilization methods.

The autoclave operates by subjecting items to steam at elevated temperatures (typically around 121-134 degrees Celsius) for a specified duration. This combination of temperature and pressure ensures that even the most resilient forms of germs are eliminated. The process also allows for a quick turnaround on sterilized instruments, which is crucial in maintaining the flow of healthcare operations.

Additionally, steam sterilization is favorable because it is non-toxic and leaves no harmful residues, making it safe for both the environment and patient health. This contrasts with other methods, such as ethylene oxide sterilization, which while effective, involves toxic gases and requires longer aeration times to ensure safety.

The other sterilization methods, although valuable in specific scenarios, do not match the general applicability and efficiency of steam sterilization in routine healthcare practices.